Define administration and school administration. Elaborate different levels of administration with reference to an educational institution?

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Educational administration is the study and practice of managing the resources, tasks and communications involved in running a school. The goal of the administrator is to keep the school’s overall process flowing smoothly, making decisions that facilitate successful education. The administrator identifies and articulates a school’s mission and goals and makes them happen by implementing programs, delegating tasks and allocating resources.

Meaning of Educational Administration

Educational Administration is a discipline within the study of education that examines the administrative theory and practice of education in general and educational institutions and educators in particular. The field ideally distinguishes itself from administration and management through its adherence to guiding principles of educational philosophy.

The concept of educational administration may not be totally different from what we are familiar with in the concept of administration. Education at different levels has its objectives, the most important of the objectives that cut across all the levels of education is teaching and learning. It is the function of the school to produce educated and enlightened human beings who would be able to contribute positively to the development of the society. This formed the opinion of Olaniyi (2000) who describes school as a social institution which does not exist in a vacuum. He said further that a school is a micro-community, existing within a macro community to mould the habits, interest, attitudes and feelings of children and transmit from one generation to another. The school also comprises certain personnel i.e. teaching and non-teaching staff as well as the students. These human resources in the school work with some materials, such as instructional materials, equipment, and financial resources in order to achieve the objectives of the school.

Administration is very germane to the realization of the school?s objectives ? indeed, the success of the school system depends largely on the administration of the school it handled.

The teachers, students, non-teaching staff and resources must be efficiently arranged, monitored and

controlled, so that they would work harmoniously according to (educational plan). Even the National

Policy on Education emphasizes the success of the entire educational system on proper planning, efficient administration and adequate funding. School administration is the process by which principles, methods and practices of administration are applied in educational institutions to establish, maintain and develop such institutions in line with the goals of the institutions. Akinwumi & Jayeoba (2004) define school administration as the scientific organization of human and material resources and programs available for education and using them systematically and meticulously to achieve educational goals. Basically, educational administration implies the arrangement of the human and material resources and program available for education and carefully using them systematically for the achievement of educational objectives.

Thus educational administrator, whether in the ministry of education, the schools board, or in a school is essentially theÿorganizer, the implementer of plans, policies and program meant for achieving specific educational objectives. The educational administrator may contribute, one way or the other, in planning, policy?making and program designing, yet his major role rests with the effective and efficient implementation of such plans, policies and program for the benefit of education. Viewed from this angle, educational administration is concerned with organization and implementation ? it may be categorized under broad areas of:

Planning and Policy

Implementation

Although such a categorization is essentially arbitrary and broad and these aspects of management are closely tied, inseparable and inductive, it is possible to separate the functions of administration from that of planning and policy?making in education. For example the administrator is concerned with formulating general plans and policies for education.

Different levels of administration with reference to an educational institution

Within Time Click there are several different levels of administration that allow you to spread the work of administering TimeClick across different departments. Note that all three levels of administration are accessible with a unique administrative password. Having multiple admin users makes it easier to split the work among others and ensures the proper tasks are assigned to the appropriate administrator.

Each of the three administration modes can be open on any of the TimeClick computers by clicking the administration button, choosing the administration mode you would like to enter and then typing the password.

The first option is the main administration mode. This administrator will have access to everything in

the time tracking system. This is where you will add and edit employees? records, modify times, view

reports, set preferences, and manage your accruals.

Next, you have the Level 2 ? Restricted Administration mode. This will allow anyone with the appropriate password to view reports and/or modify times if the main administrator allows them to do

so. By default, the Level 2 administration is only able to view reports in Time Click. You can, however, allow them to modify times by going into the main administration mode, selecting preferences then password and misc controls and then check the box that reads allow level 2 and department supervisors to modify times.

Last, there is a Department Supervisor administration level. Again, like a level 2 administration you can allow department heads the ability to just run reports or to modify times as well. In order to allow a department supervisor these administrative capabilities, you will first need to create the department,

and then set them up as a department supervisor in the administration mode under Departments. After

you've assigned an employee to be a department supervisor they will be able to access reports and modify times for employees listed within their department. The department supervisor(s) will be able to use their employee password to log in to this restricted area.

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